Both "hard" and "soft" water can contain minerals that can be slightly corrosive and cause low or high pH resulting in lead in drinking water. Common sources of lead in household drinking water include:
- Lead Piping and service connections used before 1930 are highly corrodible based on the chemicals found in tap water.
- Copper fixtures contain low concentrations of lead used in their casting that can be released as the fixtures are corroded by water.
- Copper or brass pipes were often joined with lead-based solder prior to 1988.
- Wells with Brass or bronze pumps, well screens with a "lead packing collar", or packed with lead shot or lead wool, can leach lead into private systems.